لمحات من ثقافات العصرين الحجري النحاسي وما قبل الكتابة في الجزيرة السورية " تل براك أنموذجا"

Abstract

The Syrian Al-Jazeera region is one of the important regions in northern Mesopotamia, rich in its cultural heritage. Many mounds and archaeological sites are distributed across its land, dating back to different civilizational eras, whose archaeological features still remain today and need to be studied and excavated. Among these mounds is Tell Brak, which is one of the largest early urban centers in Western Kurdistan, and an ancient settlement dating back to prehistoric times. The site has gained great importance due to its historical and cultural depth for human civilization. Archaeological discoveries indicate that the site has witnessed cultural practices since the fifth millennium BC, especially the Halaf and Ubaid cultures, and a remarkable progress in the technology and development of stone tools and pottery industries. By the fourth millennium BC, the beginnings of the development of architecture and buildings appeared, as indicated by the discovery of the remains of its building plans and walls. Tell Brak expanded until it became a large city and an important urban center for the interaction of different cultures with the civilizational sites in southern Mesopotamia. These indications point to the important status of Tell Brak and the flourishing of economic and social activities and the crystallization of ideas, beliefs and other cultural practices related to spiritual life since the Chalcolithic and pre-literate eras.