The Para text of Epigraphs in Ata Mohammad's Novels Abstract:

Abstract

Para text is a critical concept coined and developed by the French author and critic Gérard Genette. It encompasses all the elements surrounding a text that are presented to the reader within the framework of a book, such as: the author's name, main title, internal titles, epigraphs, forewords, dedications, and footnotes. Therefore, paratextual elements play a significant role in introducing and familiarizing the reader with the text, and no work can become a book and be presented to the reader without paratextual elements. This research, titled "The Para text of Epigraphs in Ata Mohammad's Novels," is an attempt to introduce and practically apply the concept of epigraphs according to Gérard Genette's view of Para text. The aim is to highlight the function and importance of the Para text of epigraphs, which, from the outset, provides the reader with an idea about the content and message of the text.