نشوء الهوية الإسلامية للكرد في العصر الإسلامي الوسيط دراسة فكرية تحليلية

Abstract

The steadfastness of any religious and cultural identity in the face of historical challenges, and its continued
vitality depends on two main factors, one of which is subjective, which is the power of logic that this identity
carries, and the other is an objective factor, which is the presence of a solid force that protects and defends it.
The religious and cultural identities that the Kurds carried before Islam, Was able to continue in the social arena
and stand intellectually, as far as these identities carried her from logical foundations, and also received support
from solid power.
The pre-Islamic religious identities have shrunk in the Kurdish societies, First, due to the loss of the political
support that they enjoyed in the past, especially the Zoroastrian and Christian religious identities, so only some
influential elites of the owners of these religions supported them, whose status and influence were linked to the
survival of these identities, Secondly, because these religious identities had established some of their principles
on illogical, superstitious foundations, they could not resist the new identity represented by the Islamic identity,
whose principles were based on rational foundations, and with the advent of the fourth century AH / tenth century
AD, the continued adoption of these identities was limited Among the isolated and closed-off communities in the
Kurdish countries.
The process of the emergence of the Islamic identity of the Kurds began with the beginning of the Islamic
conquest of the Kurdish countries, and continued for nearly three centuries, and was completed by the arrival
of the fourth century AH/tenth century AD. It was in stages and gradually, and preceded the people of the cities
and towns, the people of its villages and its influential tribes in particular, who were late. They converted to Islam
until the middle of the third century AH/ninth century AD.
The Kurds who converted to Islam in the early stages of the founding of the Abbasid state made their way
towards working in the administrative and military field, within the institutions of the Abbasid state, and in its
expanding states. Their deep Islamic feeling and loyalty to the Abbasid state pushed them to be characterized
by Arabic names and titles, and also because of The Loyalty System Some of them became famous by the name
of the Arab tribe they were loyal to, so their national identities disappeared in those identities, and they became
part of the general Islamic situation.
The influential Kurdish tribes and religious elites, who were late in their conversion to Islam, took positions
against the Abbasid state, and participated in many political movements against the Abbasid state, and their
decision to embrace Islam came after the middle of the third century AH/ninth century AD, as a response to the
social cultural developments witnessed by Kurdish societies on the one hand. On the other hand, the political
changes that the Abbasid state underwent.
The degrees of influence of Islamic identity on the thinking and behavior of Kurdish societies in the Islamic eras
varied. In general, Islamic identity left its intellectual and behavioral influences on the settled Kurdish communities
of cities, towns, and villages more than it left on the mobile tribal communities, whose influences were mostly
limited and superficial.
The Islamic identity had double effects on the process of maturation of the national structure of the Kurds. On
the one hand, it had a negative impact on this maturation, as it increased by adding itself as a new identity to a
society divided in itself according to its religious identities, from the state of religious pluralism and division, and
entered with them as a new identity in The state of religious conflict, and thus caused another rift in its national
structure, and on the other hand it had positive effects on the process of Kurdish nationalist maturity, especially
after this identity became the identity of the majority of Kurds in the fourth century AH/tenth century AD, and
thus the Kurds went a long way towards unifying their identity. Religious affairs, and getting rid of the state of
religious division rooted in it, given that the religious division in Kurdish society was one of the main factors for
the delay in its national maturity over the ages.