(التخطيط الاستراتيجي لإعادة تنظيم البيشمركة في بادينان) (فترة ما بين حملة الأنفال 1988 وانتفاضة 1991)

Abstract

This research is part of a forthcoming book that examines Kurdish resistance in Badinan after the Anfal campaign, focusing on 1988–1991. During this period, Kurdish regions faced intense military repression and systematic destruction, severely impacting infrastructure and communities, posing significant challenges for the Peshmerga. Despite these conditions, the Peshmerga successfully reorganized using advanced military strategies, including restructuring combat units, relocating headquarters based on security conditions, and strengthening secret communication networks to ensure safe information exchange. Cooperation between the Peshmerga and the Kurdistan Front fostered a collective approach, enhancing operational coordination and resource-sharing to sustain resistance.

With the outbreak of the Second Gulf War in 1990, the weakening of the Iraqi regime due to international sanctions provided the Kurdish resistance with a strategic opportunity. The Kurdistan Front intensified diplomatic efforts with regional and international powers to secure political and military support. Meanwhile, in Badinan, underground organizations were restructured despite strict government surveillance. Kurdish leaders employed sophisticated concealment tactics to maintain secrecy and coordinate with the Peshmerga. The March 1991 uprising marked a crucial turning point, bringing military gains and significant political advancements that reinforced Kurdish national rights within their ongoing struggle