ناسنامە لە فەلسەفەی باروخ دی سپینۆزادا

Abstract

This research explores the foundations and perspectives of identity within the framework of the philosophy of Baruch de Spinoza. It sheds light on substance as identity in the universe, while also emphasizing the role of identity as a fundamental concept in overcoming all matters that are defined within the framework of dualism or separated duality. A descriptive–analytical and comparative method has been employed to examine Spinoza’s   rather than two divided entities. According to Spinoza, the human being or individual does not possess an independent identity in isolation; rather, one’s identity is determined within the framework of cause and effect created by God or nature. Thus, the identity of the human being is established within the unity of substance, through the qualities of thought and extension. In this sense, identity is not a fixed and isolated existence of the individual, but rather a metaphysical and functional understanding that transcends the dualism of God and the world. It offers a new comprehension of humanity as part of the total process of thought and extension, in which God and nature are unified.